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BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: HENRIETTA LACKS

Thursday, March 27, 2008

Henrietta Lacks (1920-1951) was the 31-year-old leading contributor to the sciences of aging and cancer, but she never knew it.

Born on Aug. 18, 1920, in Roanoke, Va., Lacks was a wife and mother of five who, on Feb. 1, 1951, went to Johns Hopkins Hospital because of a vaginal discharge; that day she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Treated in the hospital’s segregated ward for blacks, Lacks died on October 4, 1951, but she will live forever…

Before Lacks’ treatment began, a sample of her malignant tumor was sent to George Gey, head of tissue culture research at Hopkins. He and his wife, Margaret, had been searching for a tool for the study of cancer: a line of human cells that would live indefinitely outside the body. If they succeeded, they could observe and test human cells in ways they could never do in humans. Eventually, they could discover the cure for cancer; they were sure of it. The day George Gey got his hands on Henrietta Lacks’ cells, everything changed: for the Geys, for medicine and for the Lackses.

Henrietta Lacks’s cells multiplied like nothing anyone had seen. They latched to the sides of test tubes, consumed the medium around them, and within days, the thin film of cells grew thicker and thicker. But Henrietta’s tumor cells took over her body as quickly as they’d taken over test tubes. Within months, tumors appeared on almost every organ, and Henrietta moaned from her bed for the Lord to help her. The day she died, Oct. 4, 1951, George Gey appeared on national television with a vial of Henrietta’s cells. He called them HeLa cells, held them up to the camera, and said, “It is possible that, from a fundamental study such as this, we will be able to learn a way by which cancer can be completely wiped out.” Gey introduced the nation to his hopes for curing cancer while Henrietta’s body lay in the Hopkins morgue, and her family knew nothing of any cells.

In those days, there was no need to inform a patient or their relatives about such matters because discarded material or material obtained during surgery, diagnosis or therapy was then, as is today, the property of the physician or medical institution.

HeLa cells were used in Jonas Salk’s development of the polio vaccine. According to Roland Pattillo, a former fellow of Gey’s and director of gynecologic oncology at Morehouse School of Medicine:

“It was Henrietta Lacks’ cells that embraced the polio virus. She made it possible to grow the virus so the vaccine could be developed.”

Packaged in small tubes tucked in plastic foam containers, with careful instructions for feeding and handling, shipments of Henrietta’s cells went out to Gey’s colleagues around the world. Researchers welcomed the gifts, allowing HeLa to grow. They used the cells to search for a leukemia cure and the cause of cancer, to study viral growth, protein synthesis, genetic control mechanisms, and the unknown effects of drugs and radiation. And though Henrietta never traveled farther than from Virginia to Baltimore, her cells sat in nuclear test sites from America to Japan and multiplied in a space shuttle far above the Earth. Still, David Lacks and his children hadn’t a clue.

“The [only thing] I heard about it was, she had that cancer. They called me, said come up there because she died. They asked me to let them take samples, and I decided not to let them do it.”

It wasn’t until 1975, when his daughter-in-law went to a friend’s house for dinner, that Lacks heard about the enormous impact his wife’s cells had made. Barbara Lacks, the wife of Henrietta and David’s eldest son, Lawrence, met a friend’s brother-in-law who was a scientist who spent his days in a Washington laboratory.

“You know, he said, “your name sounds so familiar. I think I know what it is…I’ve been working with some cells in my lab; they’re from a woman called Henrietta Lacks. Are you related?”

“That’s my mother-in-law,” Barbara whispered, shaking her head. “She’s been dead almost 25 years, what do you mean you’re working with her cells?”

Jackson explained. The cells, he told her, had been alive since Henrietta’s death and were all around the world. Actually, by that time, they were standard reference cells–few molecular scientists hadn’t worked with them. Henrietta’s cells were, and still are, some of the strongest cells known to science–they reproduce an entire generation every 24 hours. “If allowed to grow uninhibited,” Howard Jones, who discovered Henrietta’s tumor, and his Hopkins colleagues said in 1971, “[HeLa cells] would have taken over the world by this time.” This strength provided a research workhorse to irradiate, poison, and manipulate without inflicting harm.

To this day, members of the Lacks family feel they’ve been passed over in the story of the HeLa cells. They know their mother’s cells started a medical revolution and are now bought and sold around the world. They’re pretty sure that someone, somewhere, has profited from their mother’s death. They know that someone wasn’t related to Henrietta. And their experience is not well-known. In cases like these, a good way to begin addressing this problem is through the telling of a story from which everyone can learn.

Mrs. Henrietta Lacks was buried without a tombstone in a family cemetery in Lackstown, in the city of Clover in Halifax County, Va., where she was raised. Lackstown is the name of the land that has been held by the Lacks’ family since they received it from the family whom they were slaves and also descendants of.

RELATED LINKS / REFERENCES: Wikipedia, Johns Hopkins, CL Reader Stacey,
Immortal Cell, City Paper, Harvard

Concrete Loop will feature ‘Black History Spotlights’ each week. These features honor black people through the years and submissions are welcome.

125 CommentsCOMMENT?

Posted by: J. Dakar

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125 Comments


COMMENT PAGES: [1] 2 » Show All

1.

Young, Gifted and Black

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I applaud CL for adding features like this that enlighten us all. Thank you!

2.

Stacy H

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

very interesting. you learn something new everyday. this is the type of stuff that kids she be learning about.

3.

blackbarbie

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

yea i think it is reli good to let us know bout all this black people that contributed to world it makes me proud!!! RIP Henrietta Lacks

4.

Young, Gifted and Black

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Is there anyway to fix the fact that the entire article isn’t shown?

5.

HR DIVA

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow, I am speechless…this is an amazing part of our Science history, yet my heart goes out to her family.

6.

HR DIVA

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

P.S. CONCRETE LOOP….What’s the deal with the left side of the screen?? Can ya’ll do something with these margins? It’s been this way for weeks.

Thank you :)

7.

Prettygirl90221

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Very interesting article CL. Keep it up.

8.

Kenneth

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Knowledge is power, and this wonderful story that needed to be told. I applaud CL!

9.

Angelita

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow thanks this was truly an inspirational story. Its amazing to me how there are only 6 comments above mine but had this been about Beyonce, Rihanna, Chris Brown etc there would have been 45+ by now.
D

PDS. There appears to be a problem with my left margins as well.

10.

MAI03

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow, I’ve never heard this story before. Thanks CL.

11.

Angelita

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Correction there were 8 comments above mine.

12.

B

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Interesting indeed….

13.

taji

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I learned about the “HeLa” cells in my undergraduate biology courses but I never put a face to the name. Those cells have and are still allowing scientists to make great strides in understanding the exact nature of cancer thus leading them closer to a discovery for a cure.

14.

Bang Bang

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This story and the story on the congolese man have both been really enlightening… i can’t believe there’s african american history out there like this that i’ve never heard about or never could have imagined.

15.

BEAUTY Q.T.

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Buried w/o a tombstone? Wow! I’m surprised that no one has purchased a tombstone for her, and I know that someone somewhere is benefiting from the use of her cells. Thanks for the info CL!

16.

peekaboo

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

very intresting

17.

filmgirl6

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thanks for educating us about us. I see not alot of people rushed to comment on this post. They rather read about the destruction of another life than to read about something positive that has happened in our community.

Where are our priorities in life? Any CL I didn’t want to make a comment either only because the left side of the screen is annoying the heck out me. Please fix this problem.

18.

Tiffy

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This is a great article I have never heard of Henrietta Lacks before and every time I learn something new about black history I get a lil’ upset that these facts weren’t in the books that we use in school. People are aware of who the cells came from so the Lack’s family should get some kinda of payment for their mother’s cells especially since they are still being used ’til this day!!

19.

J. Dakar

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

If you are having issues with the margins, e-mail me at j@jdakar.com with answers to the following questions:
1. What is your browser?
2. What is your screen resolution?
3. What is your operating system?

We’ve asked numerous times for this information, but no one has replied.

We can’t fix the problem unless we know what’s causing it and we can’t know that unless we know your browsing environment.

Peace and blessings,
J. Dakar

20.

Flygirl

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow that story is interesting. Does anyone know if the problem has been solved with the tombstone. Has the family challenged the medical institutions- are they able to?? Yea h, I have problems with my computer and the left margins at work. but not at home on my mac.

21.

Analog Girl In a Digital World

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This is an awesome story. I am a graduate student and have worked with those cells. I looked it up in a molecular biology book and it just acknowledges the origin as coming from a cervical tumor. No name or anything. It just makes you think. Thanks for the information.

22.

something aint right

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I’m beyond amazed, I heard the story and never knew about her . this woman did a great thing for the whole world!!!!!!!!!!!! she saved millions of people by her death and suffering. You never know what god put you on this earth to do ( sends chills down my spine) you may have to die to save millions of peoples lives. I find it unfair that they have not been rewarded millions of dollars because of this discovery. i would highly recommand they get an attroney and find out their rights. It’s a shame that a woman who helped save nations of peoples from a crippling disease like polio is not properly aknowledge without even a tomb stone. her suffering saved lives, thank god for her. It just shows that are skin does not play a role in who we are, we can all change the world. Please get this woman a tomb stone

23.

Mel

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

They are so many of our people who are behind inventions and discoveries that we barely get any credit or recognition for, so thank you for sharing this information.

24.

Tonya Juanise

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

If Damn this is a new post..what do you expect..29382932930 comments in one minute? Dag some of you CL ppl are really annoying.

25.

kkkk

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

t the margin issue is getting a tad ridiculous..pls fix..and it is truly sad that there are only 18 comments on such a profound story..thanks cl!

26.

Lemonte

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Everyone should read “Medical Apartheid” by Harriet Jacobs and learn about how Black bodies have been abused by the medical establishment for hundreds of years (and it continues today)

27.

HR DIVA

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I just sent you an email Mr. Dakar…Let’s work this thing out shall we?

28.

Mikki.

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

wow
i didn’t know that
thanx CL!!!

29.

angelat704

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

>>>> Dang that is deep, but IDK if they will get any money I mean its like the article
>>>>>said. Everything is property of the physician and the hospital after the surgery
>>>>>You know they gonna have lawyers playing that card all day. There probably
>>> was something in the paperwork she signed that stated that before the surgery

>>>Plus if she was alive would she really want the money I mean she saved lives
>>>>thats a reward in itself. Everything shouldnt be done for monetary gain.

>>>Plus the husband wasnt even gonna release the cells so there went the money if
>>>there was any to even be offered.

30.

kaykay

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Dang! That was juicy, gr8 post and amazing story CL :)

31.

FINE-N-MELLOW

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

wow this is an amazing story.

32.

DH

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thanks for the information! She has helped save a lot of lives. Her family should be proud, and her name/story should be referenced in all human anatomy/oncology textbooks.

33.

MZDIAMOND

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

thank you for this article.

34.

nicholelibra

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Well it’s showing up fine for me. I’m using firefox, on windows xp. I’m also using a laptop with a widescreen, and I’ve noticed in the past that things I’m able to view on a widescreen aren’t easily viewable on the traditional PC monitor. Since the side toolbar is kind of wide and take up half the page I’d imagine that it must be a real PITA for most.

But back to the original topic…

Thanks J. The politics and history post are pretty much the main reason for why I visit CL.

35.

DjBigDaddy

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

That was a truly inspirational story. truly gave me chills, talk about having a purpose in life. I am surprised that I never knew that story.

By the way if you want to check out how the site looks in other browsers beside the browsers thats on your local web development computer check out http://browsershots.org. They will test your page in dozens of browsers for free.

hip Hop Business from another level

36.

Jamilah

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This was a great story. It is very shameful that no one within the scientific community has come forward with the news in such a way that everyone would know.

Thanks CL

37.

my2cents

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I’m sorry but the Lack’s do deserve some money. i’m not saying an extremely huge lump sum of money, but a nice reasonable sum of money. this was a very interesting story. just to show that even after death you can have a huge impact on other peoples lives……….AND IT IS SAD THAT PEOPLE CAN PUT 248 COMMENTS IN ABOOUT WHAT TEN MINUTES ABOUT A BEYONCE SONG BUT DON’T HAVE NOTHING TO SAY ABOUT THIS. IT JUST SHOWS WHERE PEOPLE’S PRIORITIES ARE AT. anyways thank you J.Dakar for this post.

38.

Amarie4911

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Glad that you put this out there. Everyday I learn something new. It’s crazy how they have been doing stuff like this to us for centuries. Her family and her name should atleast receive some type of recognition or a medical building named after her or something. Buy that woman a tombstone. Her pain has saved countless lives and these doctors get all of the glory. That’s why I don’t trust them now.

39.

Ms. Lady

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

An amazing story.

40.

D-san

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

The Polio Vaccine was how AIDS started and spread in Africa, but this is still a great contribution that blacks, albeit unknowingly, have made to society. THEY will never teach us these things though. Good job CL!

41.

Pensamientos

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

That was a great informational piece. I am a HIV researcher and use these cells routinely for my assays. This is amazing. I always wondered why no one had an explanation for the lettering in the nomenclature (i.e., HeLa). That is distinct and would normally have a sensible explanation, which it obviously does, but up until now was unknown to me. This is a true, heartwrenching example of reach one, teach one. I am a little embarassed that I did not know this fact myself. Applause CL. I truly applaud this post.

42.

Lissa

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

this is so fascinating…

43.

Inspired 1

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Another example of the many IMPORTANT contributions to the WORLD that African Americans or blacks have made. I am also sure that many people have profited financially off selling Mrs. Lack’s cells. The least they could have done is paid for her to be buried.

When you hear of revolutionary medicine, we almost always hear about White Americans, or Europeans, or any other race other than African Americans. We all have the responsibility to learn about our history and educate others as well. Maybe in time both Henrietta and The Lack family deserves.

I have a bunch of emotions running through me right now.

44.

Karen Y

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow, its so sad this woman died at 31, but thank God that her cells were able to be used for the benefit of medicine. God really does work in mysterious ways.

45.

SEABREEZE(M.I.A)

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

And who said blogs can’t educate and entertain at the same time? Keep ot up J. Dakar and The Loop.

46.

Mocha

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

The scientific world would not have made the progress in cancer research or polio If not for Mrs. Lacks’ cells. Thank you J. Dakar for posting this story. I’m happy to hear more stories of this nature will be forthcoming. Keep up the good work CL!

47.

Tealeaf

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Poor Henrietta, all that suffering and no credit. And some people are mad that blacks have a special month for their history.

48.

Mesohungry

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I really appreciate you guys for posting these segments. They are SO very informative. Makes me proud to be African American (sometimes that is HARD to say)….

49.

Shawntea

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thanks CL for the Interesting fact. . .

50.

MSDION

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thank you for enlightening us about this obviously strong black woman. I only pray her pain did not last for long. And, if no one has said it yet, Thank you Mrs. Lacks.

51.

TATUM

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This is truly an interesting story!! Thanks so much for posting this.

52.

Dame

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow this an interesting story.

53.

miss penn state

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

thanks CL… that was enlightening…you have once again inspired me =)

54.

Thegreatness

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This is a wonderful articule. CL keep up the good work…

55.

Mai

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow. You learn something new everyday.This is truly an inspirational story. Thanks CL.

56.

SHAN_SHAN

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

There is a strange coincidence in this post!
Right now, as you read I am working on a reasearch project about cancer! wowo lool Im doing some paper about nutrition in cancer patients and what not.. but what a coincidence

57.

Applebottom

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thank you for blessing out generation with such great information about our history. I feel black history and the importance to future generations. Keep this information in the loop!!

58.

DaPro

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This is new and refreshing to get info like this. I commend CL 4 going out on a limb and bringing some science 2 he mind instead of the usual gossip.

59.

BEAJAY

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I agree with completely with comment number 1…I can’t help but smile; I grow to love CL more and more each day. Keep up the good work :o)

60.

MissTee2U

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

That was pretty fascinating…..but again, medical experimentation on black folks was the norm. Here’s another story

http://www.amazon.com/Acr...burg-Prison/dp/0415923360

This is a book about prison experiments, most specifically at Holmsburg Prison in Pennsylvania, that were predictably done mostly on black men.

This a link to the 2007 NY Times piece about it that suggested that it be allowed to happen again.

http://www.nytimes.com/20...ef=slogin&oref=slogin

There are so many stories out here….sad….

61.

Jay-D

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thank you so much for this.

62.

MRM Prez

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Like a few others here, and as a cancer researcher, I’ve also extensively worked with the HeLa cell line.

Just a slight correction to the info in the article, neither hospitals or physicians have a “right” to your tissues/fluids. Both are required by law to obtain your signed consent first, so be sure to read the fine print if you or a loved one ever needs medical services.

63.

MW09

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

WOW……..thanks for this story J.Dakar……I never heard of Henrietta Lacks and her MAJOR contribution to medical science………it’s amazing that the Lacks family received no compensation for the use of their mothers cells……………

64.

Mz Coko

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Now ain’t that somethin….more sad than surprising…we know how our people were treated…

65.

Shawn08

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Great job CONCRETE! I love black history, and had no knowledge of this one! Keep them coming weekly!!!

IF YOU NEVER KNEW, HOW WOULD YOU EVER LEARN…

66.

irrational rationalist

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

j. dakar i really do love you…

67.

WOW

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

oh wow.

68.

Ms Ke

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thank you for this one. Very very interesting! Thank you Henrietta. You unknowingly saved millions of people!

69.

blackisbeautiful

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This was very insightful thank you J.Dakar

70.

CAHNIMEALS

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

THANKS FOR THE ARTICLE…I LIVE IN ROANOKE AND I HAVE NEVER HEARD THIS STORY….GREAT READ.

71.

NuAgenda77

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thank you J.Dakar, thank you CL! This is so deep, I had to forward this story to others.

72.

Suzanne

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I am from Roanoke,VA and have never even heard any of this. Just goes to show how the establisment doesn’t want us to think African Americans have any part in history. Thanks for sheading some light CL

73.

UNREAL

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

For those with the margin problems:

I have the margin problem with Internet Explorer, but it never happens with Mozilla Firefox

74.

SAY WHAT:O

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

claps for concreteloop, shareing the knowledge, makin the unknown-known!!!

75.

JUJU

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

THIS WHY I LOVE THIS SITE U GET CELB NEWS/GOSSIP POLITICS AND HISTORY

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