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BLACK HISTORY SPOTLIGHT: HENRIETTA LACKS

Thursday, March 27, 2008

Henrietta Lacks (1920-1951) was the 31-year-old leading contributor to the sciences of aging and cancer, but she never knew it.

Born on Aug. 18, 1920, in Roanoke, Va., Lacks was a wife and mother of five who, on Feb. 1, 1951, went to Johns Hopkins Hospital because of a vaginal discharge; that day she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. Treated in the hospital’s segregated ward for blacks, Lacks died on October 4, 1951, but she will live forever…

Before Lacks’ treatment began, a sample of her malignant tumor was sent to George Gey, head of tissue culture research at Hopkins. He and his wife, Margaret, had been searching for a tool for the study of cancer: a line of human cells that would live indefinitely outside the body. If they succeeded, they could observe and test human cells in ways they could never do in humans. Eventually, they could discover the cure for cancer; they were sure of it. The day George Gey got his hands on Henrietta Lacks’ cells, everything changed: for the Geys, for medicine and for the Lackses.

Henrietta Lacks’s cells multiplied like nothing anyone had seen. They latched to the sides of test tubes, consumed the medium around them, and within days, the thin film of cells grew thicker and thicker. But Henrietta’s tumor cells took over her body as quickly as they’d taken over test tubes. Within months, tumors appeared on almost every organ, and Henrietta moaned from her bed for the Lord to help her. The day she died, Oct. 4, 1951, George Gey appeared on national television with a vial of Henrietta’s cells. He called them HeLa cells, held them up to the camera, and said, “It is possible that, from a fundamental study such as this, we will be able to learn a way by which cancer can be completely wiped out.” Gey introduced the nation to his hopes for curing cancer while Henrietta’s body lay in the Hopkins morgue, and her family knew nothing of any cells.

In those days, there was no need to inform a patient or their relatives about such matters because discarded material or material obtained during surgery, diagnosis or therapy was then, as is today, the property of the physician or medical institution.

HeLa cells were used in Jonas Salk’s development of the polio vaccine. According to Roland Pattillo, a former fellow of Gey’s and director of gynecologic oncology at Morehouse School of Medicine:

“It was Henrietta Lacks’ cells that embraced the polio virus. She made it possible to grow the virus so the vaccine could be developed.”

Packaged in small tubes tucked in plastic foam containers, with careful instructions for feeding and handling, shipments of Henrietta’s cells went out to Gey’s colleagues around the world. Researchers welcomed the gifts, allowing HeLa to grow. They used the cells to search for a leukemia cure and the cause of cancer, to study viral growth, protein synthesis, genetic control mechanisms, and the unknown effects of drugs and radiation. And though Henrietta never traveled farther than from Virginia to Baltimore, her cells sat in nuclear test sites from America to Japan and multiplied in a space shuttle far above the Earth. Still, David Lacks and his children hadn’t a clue.

“The [only thing] I heard about it was, she had that cancer. They called me, said come up there because she died. They asked me to let them take samples, and I decided not to let them do it.”

It wasn’t until 1975, when his daughter-in-law went to a friend’s house for dinner, that Lacks heard about the enormous impact his wife’s cells had made. Barbara Lacks, the wife of Henrietta and David’s eldest son, Lawrence, met a friend’s brother-in-law who was a scientist who spent his days in a Washington laboratory.

“You know, he said, “your name sounds so familiar. I think I know what it is…I’ve been working with some cells in my lab; they’re from a woman called Henrietta Lacks. Are you related?”

“That’s my mother-in-law,” Barbara whispered, shaking her head. “She’s been dead almost 25 years, what do you mean you’re working with her cells?”

Jackson explained. The cells, he told her, had been alive since Henrietta’s death and were all around the world. Actually, by that time, they were standard reference cells–few molecular scientists hadn’t worked with them. Henrietta’s cells were, and still are, some of the strongest cells known to science–they reproduce an entire generation every 24 hours. “If allowed to grow uninhibited,” Howard Jones, who discovered Henrietta’s tumor, and his Hopkins colleagues said in 1971, “[HeLa cells] would have taken over the world by this time.” This strength provided a research workhorse to irradiate, poison, and manipulate without inflicting harm.

To this day, members of the Lacks family feel they’ve been passed over in the story of the HeLa cells. They know their mother’s cells started a medical revolution and are now bought and sold around the world. They’re pretty sure that someone, somewhere, has profited from their mother’s death. They know that someone wasn’t related to Henrietta. And their experience is not well-known. In cases like these, a good way to begin addressing this problem is through the telling of a story from which everyone can learn.

Mrs. Henrietta Lacks was buried without a tombstone in a family cemetery in Lackstown, in the city of Clover in Halifax County, Va., where she was raised. Lackstown is the name of the land that has been held by the Lacks’ family since they received it from the family whom they were slaves and also descendants of.

RELATED LINKS / REFERENCES: Wikipedia, Johns Hopkins, CL Reader Stacey,
Immortal Cell, City Paper, Harvard

Concrete Loop will feature ‘Black History Spotlights’ each week. These features honor black people through the years and submissions are welcome.

125 CommentsCOMMENT?

Posted by: J. Dakar

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125 Comments


COMMENT PAGES: « 1 [2] Show All

76.

Meka

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Very insightful

77.

Tina4rmN.Oeast

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow thanks again for the post. These topics are now my favorite ones. F the gossip Im all for the historical black facts. yay CL you did it agian.

78.

voo

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I think its great what your doing. Your blog is not only about fashion and celebrities but you’ve also found a way to enlighten us a little about our cultures history. I have learned of black people and big events that occured in the United States that I’ve never heard of before. People that should be in our schools history books but are not.

-Thank you.

79.

J. Dakar is the F'n Work

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I’m enthralled by your black history post again. I want to be mad at everyone else, but maybe I should be upset with myself because its really sad that I had not had preexisting knowledge of most of the people you write about. Anyway, good job dude.

80.

mN2un2me720@aol.cflatbush vixen

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

@ 59 yea i learned about the Syphillis study in my psych classes during underground you will be amazed @ how many studies have been done on black youth, either its wrongfully done or they surely do not recieve any credit…real shame!

81.

Horse.Head.Nebula

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I I iI use those ‘Hela’ cells often in my research… They are use to grow MANY viruses. Next to VERO cells.. Hela are most famous.

82.

Horse.Head.Nebula

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

^used

83.

Confucius

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

This piece of history is more important than any piece of gossip I have read on this site. Talk about an incredible story.

84.

BJB

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

A legacy indeed.

85.

ThinkAboutIt

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Wow… This is truly amazing.
An “Each One, Teach One” moment.
Thank You CL.

86.

Lori

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Now why wasn’t this in my Biology or Anatomy and Phisiology books? Thanks for the awsome posting!

87.

Barbara B

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Keep it up, CL! These black history high lights are appreciated and enjoyed.

88.

conasto

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Reading with my mouth hung open! God only knows what other African Americans somewhere without even a tombstone have done for the America and the world. And for this to not be in ANY bio books yet? wow

89.

superduper50000000

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

WOWWWWWWWWWWWWW!!!!!!!!—so Amazing–its good to know about these remarkable people, and there contributions–especially the uncommon ones!

Thank You ConcreteLooppppppppppppppie

90.

lteefaw

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

WHAT!?!??!? I am shocked and speechless. I’ve never heard of the HeLa cell. I can’t believe the family has not seen one penny of the money that had been from the cell of those cell.

Why does this women’s grave not have a head stone??? That’s crazy after everything that has been accomplished because of her. She deserves a head stone!!! A really big one. And we need to start renaming some street after her. This makes me so mad.

91.

OrangeSharpie

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

that was very interesting to read. i didnt know this.

92.

Ronda

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Thank you so much for sharing.. This information was powerful and I appreciate you educating our people on the significant contributions our elders have made.

I am going to forward this to my teenage daughter… Thank you again

93.

Jones

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

Some or all of the pharmaceutical companies, owes this family some serious dough! Look how many patent rights were created due to the research off her cells that turned into profit,but look at how they did Dr.Charles Drew the man who DISCOVERED blood plasma,only to die because he was black,they want to whitewash their shame by saying they treated him at the white hospital,but my family is four generations deep in D.C. from Georgetown to N.W. Washington,and we know that he died because he was black,not because of a car wreck!

94.

gg boo

Thursday, March 27, 2008 /

I’m m using IE on Windows XP. Not sure of the resolution. I’ve had the problem for a while too.

GOf what i can see of the post, this is an excellent post and i never knew that either. i work for a clinical laboratory/pathology association and this is the type of information we, especially in health care, should all be aware of. CL - wonderful post.

95.

kmniles

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

Holy crap…not only is this informational, but also scarey! Can you imagine what might have happened if her cultures got into the hands of the wrong people?

96.

Umakmesmile

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

This is a very intersting story. I live in Baltimore and it’s been long known here by older blacks that Hopkins has become famous based upon the poor blacks that encircle the medical institution. This story by no means is a shock to me, However, it is sad that the medical community has not put a face about Mrs Lacks.

Currently I am taking a microbiology class and I will bring this interesting story to the professors attention because all that you hear about is the men that developed the vaccine which was indeed in the early 50’s.

I do think that they need to be compensated, if not this story should be told on a national level. This woman who had 5 children has saved so many children through polio.

Because of the motility of her cells she is able to create so much, ie food, medicine, enviromental, and industrial. I am proud to know that Mrs Lacks has contributed.

Also she was a resident of Turner Station here an affluent black community during that era.

Link: http://www.jhu.edu/~jhumag/0400web/01.html

97.

DD

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

thanks for this information, her contribution was/is huge!

98.

mezzo.soprano

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

I LOVE this feature, please keep it coming.

99.

Liberated Spirit

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

What a great write up for a little known Black figure in history. Thanks for posting this!

100.

Get'em

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

I love hearing about new things everyday. Especially when it has to do with our culture. Its not enough people that care. I feel what CL is doing, straight up!!!!!

101.

closetcolumnist

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

Thank you for providing black history that many of us (adults and children) weren’t and still aren’t exposed to. By telling this story, her death and family’s struggle is not in vain. Hopefully her HeLa cells will be the blueprint for a cure for all cancers and viruses. And to think- people assume we only have a month’s worth of black history…

Rest In Peace Henrietta Lacks

102.

Ms. T.

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

That was a really interesting piece. It is sad to think though that a woman who contributed so much to the world of science is resting in a grave without a tombstone. You would think that some of these colleges, researchers and scientists could pool some money together to buy the woman a proper headstone, maybe even some type of monument.

103.

1prettyb

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

****** J. Dakar will you marry me…your brain turns me on!!! I need a man that can stimulate me intellectually!!! call me!!!!

104.

dd

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

all i can say is WOW! I am truly amazed. thanks CL!

105.

I AM ANTM

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

Goodness, I never knew this. Thanks Concrete, you always stay ten steps ahead of the rest. And I totally agree with poster #77.

106.

thoro

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

M This is a great story and a testaemate to the Lives that Mrs.Lacks has saved. i hope there is a way for her family to be compensated from the legacy that their mother has made to science and medicine. Believe me nothing can ever replace a mother’s love, but acknowlegement finacially would definietly benefit Mrs.Lacks family and continue the legacy that she has influenced. Someone should name a medical scholarship after her or something at least.

107.

ScurvOriginalz

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

Now THIS is the type of thing that BET needs to share with it’s viewers! Why not “lace” a snippet of history between each video over and over so maybe our young would memorize something substantial and of worth more so than the words to some of these songs that don’t do a damn thing to raise their awareness of who they are and where they came from in this world!

Just a thought.

“Scurv”

108.

Marquita

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

You learn something new everyday. That was fascinating. We get screwed when it comes to the history books. What a shame……

109.

Mona

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

This is why CL is one of my favorite blogs.

I’m a medical student, and like #40, I wondered why HeLa cells were so named. I’m in awe of this story. And I’m equally in awe that I finally learned of it on the Loop–not in class, but at CL. I’m definitely passing this on. Mr. Dakar, please keep info like this coming. Hats off to you guys!

110.

denise(The first, lol.)

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

GREAT POST, VERY INFORMATIVE. I GOT CHILLS WHEN I READ THIS STORY, IT REMINDS ME OF THE TUSKEGEE EXPERIMENT. I BELIEVE THAT LACKS FAMILY, SHOULD RECEIVE SOME COMPENSATION FOR THE CELL RESEARCH. IT WAS VERY DISRESPECTFUL FOR THE MEDICAL COMMUNITY, NOT INFORM THE FAMILY OF THIS MATTER, I MUST REMEMBER THAT THIS WAS BACK IN THE JIM CROW DAYS, HOW SAD.

111.

I LOVE ME SOME CHOCOLATE! YUM

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

AS I WAS SAYING: WONDER IF DEATH WAS “HELPED” ALONG! TUSKEEGEE”PROJECT” . VIRGINIA/VAGINA “PROJECT”! WOULDN’T PUT IT PASSED THEM!

112.

JUDAH

Friday, March 28, 2008 /

@109

Exactly. If I be a betting man, the “treatment” that she received revolved around hastening her death to test the effects of the cancer cells. There is no need to mention her in their history because to them, she was just another test dummy. You can get a book called “Medical Apartheid” that expounds on that.

113.

audra

Saturday, March 29, 2008 /

that was excellent!! Thank you CL for proving that blacks are interested in learning things that enlighten one’s mind.

114.

Emily

Saturday, March 29, 2008 /

Thanks for the information!! Knowledge is power!! Thanks CL for keeping us in tune!! I just love this site!! :)

115.

Jumpman6637

Saturday, March 29, 2008 /

This is very interesting. I’m actually from Roanoke, Va and I never heard about this. Thanks CL

116.

queenie

Saturday, March 29, 2008 /

Wow, that was amazing! It’s kind of scary also. I never thought about cells to last for years like that. Her family definitely deserves some type of reparations, especially since her husband said no to the cell sample.

Good job, CL! I’m almost not mad about the B. Scottgate because of this.

STOP THE HATE IN ‘08!!!!!!!!!

117.

Melissa

Saturday, March 29, 2008 /

Thank you concrete loop! Having articles like this really make this site stand out far and above those other blogs(…bossip) making concrete loop in a league of its own.

118.

Beau T. Full

Saturday, March 29, 2008 /

Wow! I am 38 years old with a Master’s degree and had never heard of this story. This history was never tought in any of my history or science classes through almost 20 years of education. THANKS CL; YOU ARE A GREAT ASSET TO OUR LIVES!!!

119.

Rich

Saturday, March 29, 2008 /

OK Ok People there are more important things than money. The cells from this womans body has saved countless lives.

The honor is that her name should at least live in the history books. They should at least acknowledge her for who she was… This is my opinion.

Her fam should still get that lawyer though….

120.

Just Jenn

Sunday, March 30, 2008 /

That was very interesting. Great feature.

121.

AmiJane

Sunday, March 30, 2008 /

Awesome post! They have done inumberable things by growing, testing, and SELLING her cells. It seems like they have saved lives and ended lives (started wars) from the knowledge they have gained. She should at least get a tombstone. Also, the husband, did not agree to release the cells. They took them anyhow. That is grounds for a lawsuit. If someone could take something without any penalty, why would they ask?

122.

Wordpress

Friday, April 4, 2008 /

sddfsd fsfdsUBB£º[Á´½Ó¸ñʽUBB:Ⱥ·¢Èí¼þ] 0.32184496841022026

123.

Wordpress

Saturday, April 5, 2008 /

dslkfjrjljlrlnlkvnlkvnxlvnlsdlfds:xxxlffdslfjdlsfjslfjldsfdsfsfd 0.934496804649654

124.

Jela

Monday, June 23, 2008 /

even though this may be all late and i cant read all of whats typed to the left in these comments this is really something. Henrietta is my great-great-aunt and this makes me so happy to see she gets the recognition she deserves, :) this site is my new favorite.

125.

lil chadee

Thursday, October 16, 2008 /

I only need this site for my homework still younger than most of you old people JOKING!!!

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